Varicose Veins

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most often appear in the legs and feet. They are a common condition that can cause discomfort, cosmetic concerns, and in some cases, health problems. This guide explains what varicose veins are, why they happen, and how they can be treated.

What are Varicose Veins?

Veins carry blood back to the heart. In the legs, tiny one-way valves inside the veins help keep blood moving upward against gravity. When these valves become weak or damaged, blood can pool in the veins, making them enlarged and twisted. These are called varicose veins.

What Causes Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins develop when vein valves don’t work properly. Common risk factors include:

• Family history of varicose veins
• Aging, which weakens vein valves
• Being female (hormones and pregnancy increase risk)
• Standing or sitting for long periods
• Obesity, which puts extra pressure on leg veins
• Prior leg injury or blood clots

What are the Symptoms?

Varicose veins are often visible as bulging, blue or purple veins on the legs. They may or may not cause discomfort. Symptoms can include:

• Aching, heaviness, or throbbing in the legs
• Swelling in the lower legs or ankles
• Itching or burning around the veins
• Leg cramps, especially at night
• Skin changes such as darkening or ulcers in severe cases

Are Varicose Veins Dangerous?

Most varicose veins are not dangerous, but in some cases they can lead to complications such as:

• Skin ulcers near the ankles
• Blood clots (superficial thrombophlebitis or deep vein thrombosis)
• Bleeding from veins close to the skin

How are Varicose Veins Treated?

1. Lifestyle Changes

Simple steps may help relieve symptoms and prevent varicose veins from getting worse:

• Regular exercise to improve circulation
• Elevating the legs when resting
• Avoiding long periods of standing or sitting
• Wearing compression stockings to support vein function

2. Medical Procedures

If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, several treatments can improve varicose veins:

• Sclerotherapy – injecting a solution that closes the vein
• Laser treatment – using light to close smaller veins
• Radiofrequency or endovenous laser ablation – sealing larger veins with heat
• Vein stripping or surgery – removing severe varicose veins

Living with Varicose Veins

Varicose veins are common and treatable. Many people find relief with lifestyle changes, while medical procedures can provide long-lasting improvement. If varicose veins cause significant pain, swelling, or skin changes, it’s important to see a doctor.

Key Takeaway

Varicose veins happen when blood pools in weakened veins, usually in the legs. While they can be uncomfortable and sometimes lead to complications, effective treatments are available. With the right care, most people can manage symptoms and improve both comfort and appearance.